
Apparently everything began with a gimmick used by US American railway ticket collectors. In the second half of the 19th century they punched tickets at specific points in order to make a record of a passenger´s special characteristics: gender, skin colour, and so on. This was to prevent different persons from using the tickets numerous times. This practice prompted the engineer Herman Hollerith to come up with the idea to use the same method – in standardized and automated form – for the US census taken every ten years. Hollerith had worked on the tenth US census in 1880 and knew the difficulties being faced by the Census Bureau: The analysis of millions of questionnaires was in the meantime taking several years. But what would be the effect if part of that work were to be done with machines? Wouldn’t that reduce the analysis to a fraction of the time? And wouldn’t much more differentiated results be possible with the use of the punch-recorded characteristics?
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